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In
this section,
I am providing general information - combination of
a glossary, listing
of great personalities, locations & geographical
landmarks, history
- in general any subject related to India. I
have gathered the information
from various sources - books, magazines, internet,
word of mouth. General information about India - N  National
Anthem
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he Bharata-bhagya-vidhata. Punjab-Sindh-Gujarat-Maratha Dravida-Utkala-Banga Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga. Tava shubha name jage, Tava shubha asisa mage, Gahe tava jaya gatha, Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he Bharata-bhagya-vidhata. Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he! The above is the full version of the Anthem and its playing time is approximately 52 seconds. Jana Gana Mana
(Bengali: Jôno
Gôno Mono), the national anthem of India
Written in highly Sanskritized
Bengali, is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo
hymn composed and
scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
It was first sung at
the Calcutta Session of the Indian National
Congress,on 27 December 1911.
Jana Gana Mana was officially adopted by the
Constituent Assembly as the
Indian national anthem on January 24, 1950.
The music for the
"current version" is said to be derived from a
composition for the song
by Ram Singh Thakur, although some dispute
this.
A formal rendition of the national anthem takes about forty-eight to fifty-two seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. English Translation O! Dispenser of India's destiny, thou art the ruler of the minds of all people Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, the Maratha country, in the Dravida country, Utkala and Bengal; It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas, it mingles in the rhapsodies of the pure waters of Yamuna and the Ganges. They chant only thy name. They seek only thy auspicious blessings. They sing only the glory of thy victory. The salvation of all people waits in thy hands, O! Dispenser of India's destiny, thou art the ruler of the minds of all people Victory to thee, Victory to thee, Victory to thee, Victory, Victory, Victory, Victory to thee!. Source - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana National
Institute
of Animal Welfare (NIAW)
at Ballabhgarh, Faridabad, Haryana has been established to impart training and education in animal welfare and veterinary science. The institute aims at creating an enabling environment for the fulfillment of statutory requirements under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. Source: http://india.gov.in/sectors/environment/forest_policy.php National
Parks
Andaman Nicobar Islands Wandur National Park - Estuarine Crocodiles, Coconut Crab Arunachal Pradesh Namdapha National Park - Leopard, Gaur, Himalayan Black Bear Assam Kaziranga National Park - Rhinos, Elephants, Tigers Manas National Park - Assam Roofed Turtle, Golden Langur Chhattisgarh Indravati National Park - Tiger, Leopard, Blue Bull, Gujarat Gir National Park - Asiatic Lion Marine National Park Himachal Pradesh Great Himalayan National Park Pin Valley National Park - Himalayan Snowcock, Chukar Jammu And Kashmir Dachigam National Park - Himalayan Black Bears, Leopard Hemis National Park - Snow Leopard Kishtwar National Park - Himalayan Jungle Crow Jharkhand Hazaribagh National Park - Tigers, Wild Boar, Nilgai Palamu National Park - Tigers, Dhole, Elephants Karnataka Bandipur National Park - Asian Elephants, Tiger Bannerghatta National Park - Tiger, Lion Nagarhole National Park - Elephant, Jackal, Tiger Kerala Eravikulam National Park - Nilgiri Tahr, Atlas Moth, Elephant Periyar National Park - Nilgiri Langur, Flying Squirrel Silent Valley National Park - Nilgiri Tahr, Niligiri Langur,Tiger Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh National Park - Tigers, Leopards, Bears Kanha National Park - Tigers, Leopards, Elephant Madhav National Park - Indian Gazelle, Nilgai, Sambar Panna National Park - Tiger, Wolf, Chital, Sloth Bear Pench National Park - Tiger, Leopard, Sloth Bear Maharashtra Navegaon National Park - Tiger, Panther, Bisons Tadoba National Park - Tiger, Leopards, Sloth Bears Meghalaya Balphakram National Park - Barking Deer, Golden Cat Nokrek National Park - Fishing Cat, Serow, Tiger. Orissa Chandaka Elephant Reserve - Elephant, Hital, Bear, Pea-Fowl Nandan Kanan National Park - White Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Crocodiles Simlipal National Park - Tiger, Leopard, Elephants Rajasthan Desert National Park - Great Indian Bustard, Harriers Keoladeo National Park - Siberian Cranes, Ruddy Shelducks Ranthambore National Park - Tigers, Leopards, Boars Sariska National Park - Four-Horned Deer, Carecal, Leopard Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa National Park - Tiger, Rhinoceros Uttaranchal Corbett National Park - Tigers, Leopards, Elephants Govind National Park - Black Bear, Leopard, Snow Cock Nandadevi National Park - Tiger, Leopard Rajaji National Park - Tigers, Leopards, Elephants, Valley of Flowers National Park - Snow Leopard, Musk Deer, Red Fox West Bengal Sundarbans National Park - Royal Bengal Tiger; Fishing Cats. List of National Parks with year of establishment National
Symbols
 National
Flag
The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra. Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947. National Bird 
The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus. National Flower 
Lotus, Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn National Tree 
The Banyan tree called the Indian fig tree, Ficus bengalensis Photo: http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_tree.php National Fruit 
Mango, Mangifera indica State Emblem  The
state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion
Capital of Ashoka.
In the original, there are four lions, standing back
to back, mounted on
an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high
relief of an elephant,
a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by
intervening wheels over
a bell-shaped lotus. Carved out of a single block of
polished sandstone,
the Capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law
(Dharma Chakra) .
In the state emblem, adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus with a bull on right and a horse on left and the outlines of other wheels on extreme right and left. The bell-shaped lotus has been omitted. The words Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka Upanishad , meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs', are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script. Source: http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_emblem.php National Calendar The national calendar based on the Saka Era, with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year of 365 days was adopted from 22 March 1957 along with the Gregorian calendar for the following official purposes: (i) Gazette of India, (ii) news broadcast by All India Radio, (iii) calendars issued by the Government of India and (iv) Government communications addressed to the members of the public. Dates of the national calendar have a permanent correspondence with dates of the Gregorian calendar, 1 Chaitra falling on 22 March normally and on 21 March in leap year. Source: http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_calendar.php National Animal 
Tiger, Panthera tigris National Song
The song Vande
Mataram, composed
in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, was a source
of inspiration to
the people in their struggle for freedom. It has an
equal status with Jana-gana-man
a. The first political occasion when it was sung was
the 1896 session of
the Indian National Congress. The following is the
text of its first stanza:
Vande Mataram! Sujalam, suphalam, malayaja shitalam, Shasyashyamalam, Mataram! (Vande Mataram!) Shubhrajyotsna pulakitayaminim, Phullakusumita drumadala shobhinim, Suhasinim sumadhura bhashinim, Sukhadam varadam, Mataram! (Vande Mataram!) The English translation of the stanza rendered by Sri Aurobindo in prose: I bow to thee, Mother, richly-watered, richly-fruited, cool with the winds of the south, dark with the crops of the harvests, The Mother! Her nights rejoicing in the glory of the moonlight, her lands clothed beautifully with her trees in flowering bloom, sweet of laughter, sweet of speech, The Mother, giver of boons, giver of bliss. Source, audio : http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_song.php |
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